the transmission mechanism of monetary policy

　　Zhu Hexin, deputy governor of the people's Bank of China, said at the State Council policy briefing on the 21st that the next stage, the central bank will improve the forward-looking, flexible and effective policies, and implement the financial system. Serving the work related to the real economy. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen overall coordination, not only to form policy synergies, but also to prevent policy superposition. On the other hand, we must grasp the degree of goodness and maintain strategic strength. Supply good money to the general gate and keep the liquidity reasonable and sufficient. Balance the relationship between multiple objectives, unblock the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, improve the ability and willingness of financial services to the real economy through mechanism innovation, and effectively alleviate the problem of difficult financing for corporate financing.
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　　Zhu Hexin said that since the beginning of this year, monetary policy has made a lot of efforts in terms of quantity, price and structure. Loans maintained rapid growth, the liquidity of the banking system was reasonably abundant, the risk-free interest rate dropped significantly, and the interest rates of medium and high-grade bonds fell significantly. At the same time, it should also be noted that the current influencing factors of the monetary policy transmission mechanism have increased. The central bank has injected liquidity into the banking system and is subject to the supply of funds and the willingness and ability of both parties. Credit expansion is subject to multiple constraints on the supply side and the demand side. Sometimes there is a situation in which the financial system is “rich” and difficult to use.
　　"To further clear the monetary transmission mechanism is of great significance to promoting a virtuous circle of financial and real economy and preventing systemic risks. It is a key measure to break through the last mile of the financial service entity economy. It is necessary to diversify the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Zhu Hexin said: First, monetary policy should deal with the relationship between stable growth and risk prevention, internal balance and external balance, macro-capacity and micro-credit, and insist on the general direction of structural de-leverage. Second, financial institutions should sink their financial management and service focus, rationally cover risks, optimize assessment incentives, and enhance the internal motivation of serving small and micro enterprises in accordance with the principle of financial sustainability. The third is to coordinate and coordinate with other departments, give full play to the "several lifts" and continue to do a good job in the financial services of small and micro enterprises. Fourth, in the long run, through reforms, we will work hard to ease the channels of monetary policy, optimize the allocation of financial resources, and support the long-term sustainable development of the real economy chronic illness.
　　In easing the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises and reducing the financing costs, Zhu Hexin said that he will further exert the policy synergy, do a good job of policy coordination, and play the role of “several lifts” to effectively improve the quality and efficiency of financial services for small and micro enterprises. First, enhance the transmission effect of monetary policy, continue to use credit policies to support re-lending, rediscounting and other tools, guide financial institutions to increase financial support for small and micro enterprises, and use macro-prudential assessment to guide financial institutions to use RRR cuts for support. Small and micro enterprises. The second is to deepen the financing function of the bond market, vigorously develop high-yield bonds for SMEs, and encourage bond credit promotion institutions to support commercial banks to issue small and micro enterprise financial bonds through credit risk mitigation tools. The third is to consolidate the main responsibilities of financial institutions and guide financial institutions to improve the cost-sharing and revenue-sharing mechanisms for small and micro enterprises. We will implement internal fund transfer price concessions, implement due diligence and mobilize the enthusiasm of frontline credit officers. The fourth is to do a good job in supervision and evaluation, improve and improve the mechanism of small micro-credit policy-oriented effect evaluation, strengthen the promotion of good experience and practice, and investigate and deal with collusion, fraud, fraud, and other frauds in small and micro enterprises and financial institutions. Violation of laws and regulations, the implementation of cross-departmental multi-level breach of trust and joint punishment.
　　Regarding the RMB exchange rate, Li Bo, director of the Monetary policy Department of the people's Bank of China, said that the first is that the RMB exchange rate is mainly determined by market supply and demand. Since the beginning of last year, the renminbi has risen against the US dollar, and the flexibility of the renminbi exchange rate has also increased significantly. What we emphasize is to give more play to the decisive role of the market in the formation of exchange rates, not to engage in competitive devaluation, nor to use the RMB exchange rate as a tool to deal with external disturbances such as trade friction. Second, while maintaining the flexibility of the exchange rate, the central bank also adhered to the bottom line thinking, and also adjusted the foreign exchange supply and demand counter-cyclical adjustment through macro-prudential policies when necessary to maintain the smooth operation of the foreign exchange market. Third, the exchange rate is ultimately determined by economic fundamentals. The fundamentals of the Chinese economy are stable and good, providing strong support for the RMB exchange rate. We have the confidence and ability to maintain the basic stability of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level.
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　　In addition, in terms of deleveraging, Ji Zhihong, director of the Financial Markets Department of the people's Bank of China, said that from the implementation of supply-side structural reforms in the past few years, it has achieved remarkable results by not making a one-size-fits-all approach and grasping the strength and pace of de-leveraging. The macro leverage ratio has generally stabilized. In 2017, China's leverage ratio was 248.9%, and it remained at this level in the second quarter of this year. The macro leverage ratio has basically stabilized. From a structural point of view, the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises has dropped significantly. In the second quarter of this year, the leverage ratio of the corporate sector has declined, the management of implicit debts of local governments has been regulated, and the rate of increase in leverage of the household sector has also declined. The leverage structure has been optimized. situation.
　　The article was transferred from: http://www.xinhuanet.com/money/2018-08/22/c_1123306238.htm

Teaching gender equality can help tackle

Healthy eating of broccoli can make a woman whiten her skin
What are the whitening foods? Our daily diet should be reasonable to eat healthy body! But the food also has the effect of whitening skin care! You can try it on! Food has a beauty effect! Isn't it easy Dream beauty pro hard sell!
Asparagus whitening
Asparagus is rich in selenium, which can resist aging and make skin tender. And its heat is extremely low, in the whitening of the meantime not let a person gain weight, it is to want to whiten again, want thin beautiful eyebrow of delicious food.
Broccoli whitening
You can't imagine that broccoli can even whiten, but it's not so long ago that I've been so fond of broccoli. Broccoli is extremely nutritious, with a protein 3.5g ~ 4.5g per 100g, three times as much as a white flower and four times as much as a tomato. It also contains multivitamins, including vitamin C and vitamin A, which are the holy products of whitening skin, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of black spots and freckles. It contains collagen that makes skin moist and smooth.
Lemon whitening
Lemon is rich in vitamin C and has a very powerful whitening skin. Autumn whitening skin, meimei can do this. Freshly squeezed lemon juice, put into the refrigerator cold, daily during the morning and evening washs a face, to wash in warm water with a little lemon juice, can have very good skin whitening effect.
Whitening foods with asparagus whitening, broccoli whitening and lemons are fine! Eat these on a regular diet to make your skin whiter and more delicate! After that, whitening skincare will depend on their maintenance! Meimei's beauty effect will be better Dream beauty pro hard sell !
Use white vinegar to remove acne and thin skin
To:
2016-07-19 responsibility editor: lian mei source: wen kang information network collection
When it comes to beauty, the MM may think of all kinds of expensive beauty products in the market. In fact, we often see white vinegar, which contains very deep beauty and skin care secrets. Use only clever use, ordinary white vinegar, can let you look radiant, have beautiful skin. Today small make up to come and talk to everybody: qiao use white vinegar, dispel spot to remove smallpox and thin body again.
White vinegar beauty wash face. Apply white vinegar to your face to make your skin tender Dream beauty pro hard sell .
Wash your face every time you wash your face, place a small basin of water, add a small amount (about two tablespoons) of white vinegar, pour in the water and mix well, and then dive into your face, or simply immerse your face in warm water. Then pour the water out and begin the normal procedure.
2, white vinegar to wash a face wrinkles: white vinegar can reduce wrinkles: night after washing a face, mix 1 tablespoon of vinegar, 3 tablespoons of water, dip in with cotton ball full, have wrinkles on the face and gently rub, abdomen is massaged gently with finger again once, wash clean. This method can help eliminate small wrinkles in the face.
3. White and tender skin:
A, first wash face and hands, then into the warm water to join the vinegar wash face and hands, change after 5 minutes remove with clean water, do this for A long time, can make skin smooth, delicate, water with vinegar amount should be few, the water will not change color shall prevail.
B, mix white vinegar and water in proportion to 1:3, can be installed separately in a mineral water bottle. After washing face every morning and evening, gently pat white vinegar water on the face with the palm of your hand, don't need to use too much, just a little bit. You feel like your whole face is wet. Occasionally you can wash your face with this water.
4. White vinegar freckle: apply the white vinegar to the traditional Chinese medicine white art in moderate amount, and seal for a week. Every day wash face, wipe the place of face minister spot, the day can make freckle gradually disappear, disappear.
5, white vinegar, dispelling fatigue: used in bath, in warm water with 1 ~ 2 tablespoons vinegar, after a bath can not only remove aging cuticle, and eliminate exhaustion, renewal, the face also is very rosy.
6. White vinegar can also inhibit dandruff: before going to bed every night, use 1:1. Vinegar and water to wet the dandruff, gently rub the root, then wash it with clean water after 10 minutes. Doing so inhibits the over-production of dandruff and can eventually be cured. Use the warm water with vinegar to wash hair also have effect Dream beauty pro hard sell .

Bullies have no place in academia

I was awarded a prestigious fellowship in 2015 and moved my family across the country to take up a postdoctoral position at a world-class biomedical research institute. Little did I know that this seemingly invaluable opportunity would set me on a dangerous path to mental ill health Reckoned as one of the top design universities with diversity of programmes, PolyU offers design programmes, fashion and textiles programmes, as well as Applied science programme, which is committed to be a hub for innovative design education in Hong Kong. .

My self-confidence, scientific progress and mental health were in decline from the beginning. My supervisor belittled me in front of my peers, derided me for enacting laboratory safety measures and denied me the technical training I needed to gain traction in a new scientific discipline. I recall silently sobbing as his large frame hulked over me, and how he gesticulated wildly as he yelled, “Just do what I tell you!”. That meeting lasted 90 minutes, the culmination of months of relentless bullying from he, the principal investigator on our research project.
Not all PhD supervisors are natural mentors – some need training
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I walked out of that meeting resolving that no one would treat me that way again. I wanted to complain to the university, so I sought to follow institutional policy, only to find that it didn’t exist. Human resources was completely ineffectual, lacking knowledge and training in conflict resolution, contractual negotiation and my legal entitlement to a safe workplace.
Desperate for help, I reached out to the university with which my institute was affiliated. I was told that it could not offer me support as I was not a member of university staff. Despite the existing arrangement – the institute posing as independent entity and university department, depending on which funds it wished to dip into – a political distinction had been drawn, and I was left on my own.
Concerned friends suggested I contact a lawyer, but I didn’t want to resort to that.
In hushed tones, I was congratulated by my peers for being the first to try to stand up to my supervisor, who had a known history of abusing staff. A PhD student confessed that she and a fellow student were routinely reduced to tears by him, and that the one postdoc, two research assistants and a third student had resigned for the same reason – all within a two-year period.
While I was forced to take a leave of absence and spend thousands on therapy, my supervisor continued unabated Dr protalk

Meanwhile, the generalised anxiety disorder I had managed since adolescence had become debilitating, and I experienced severe depression. Unable to work, physically unwell and mentally unstable, I had hit rock bottom. While I was on suicide watch for seven days, forced to take a leave of absence and spend thousands on therapy, my supervisor continued unabated, relishing his position as laboratory head and gatekeeper to expensive scientific equipment and infrastructure. Where was the formal reprimand? Performance review? Management training? An apology? How many individuals needed to resign before management started to notice?
Except that they did, and still failed to act. This goes beyond inept leadership.
That supervisor followed a pattern of systematic abuse of predominantly female employees. The institute, its senior staff and the university were complicit by failing to provide adequate support to the victims, and for rewarding the supervisor with a position of power while continuing to recruit vulnerable staff to place in his care. No amount of scientific brilliance can excuse this behaviour.
Universities should have avenues for recourse against the perpetrators of harassment at all levels, which the victims can access without fear of reprisal, burden of proof or risk of personal or career injury to the vulnerable party.
Tackling sexual harassment on campus is about more than naming and shaming | Alison Phipps
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I would also have appreciated more support from my institution for the mental health consequences of a bullying supervisor. Instead, I had to rely on my personal network – my partner, friends and family. Fortunately, I could afford the medical treatment I needed to return to wellness. But not everyone is so lucky.
Mental ill health among academics and graduate students is rife. A 2014 study of 790 graduate students at University of California, Berkeley, reported that 46% exhibited the clinical symptoms of depression, and a 2013 study reported that 24% of Dutch medical professors experienced emotional burnout. Yet the lack of mental health literacy in the workplace is stunning.

Raising awareness of mental health issues among research staff has to start with training programmes to equip managers with the skills to resolve conflicts and support vulnerable staff and students. These people play a pivotal role in looking after and developing junior staff – it’s only right they should receive training to do so.

But universities need also to be prepared to punish individuals who aren’t capable of forming good relations with colleagues. They have a duty of care to protect students, postdocs and staff, regardless of the scientific prowess of the perpetrator.
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